ABSTRACT.-
Background - Abdominal Pain
is the most frequent symptom in the diseases of gastro intestinal tract. Nobody wants
pain and crises but in life it is inevitable that we will go through such
experiences. They are general part of life-there is no life without pain. The
type of pain, period, frequency, duration, severity, and time, site at onset,
radiation, and aggravating and relieving factors should be elicited.
Aim - The
purpose of study is to see the commonly experienced pain in the diseases of
gastro intestinal tract and to evaluate the role of Homoeopathy in management
of pain in gastro intestinal tract.
Study setting. - This
study conducted at Dr.
J. J. Magdum Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital Post-Graduate Institute
& Research Centre Jaysingpur, Maharashtra. Random sampling was done,
patients of all age group of both sexes, from different communities were
considered.
Result - Commonly experienced pains in diseases of GIT are Cramping,
Burning, Cutting, Drawing, Pressing, and Piercing. Total 60 cases were part of
this study and in those 41 patients show improvement, 12 recovered, & 7
patients are not-improved with homoeopathic treatment.
Conclusion - The result
clearly indicates that homoeopathy has great result in treatment and management
of commonly occurring pain in gastro intestinal tract.
Key Words .- GIT, Gastric, Type of pain, Homoeopathy.
I. Introduction
In general there
are three types of pain, based on where in the body the pain is felt: somatic,
visceral, and neuropathic. Pain of all three types can be either acute or
chronic. It is much more subjective and not easily described as acute pain. The
three pain types can be felt at the same time or singly and at different times.
The different types of pain respond differently to the various pain
medications. Somatic and visceral pains are easier to treat than neuropathic
pain.
· Somatic
Pain
Somatic pain is caused by the activation of pain receptors in either the
body surface or musculoskeletal tissues. It is usually described as dull or
aching, occurs with increased frequency in the shoulder, hip, and hand,
although it also occurs in the lower back and buttocks. Somatic pain is
probably caused by a combination of factors, such as abnormalities that may
have always been there, inflammation, repetitive trauma, excessive activity,
vigorous stretching, and contractions due to paralysis, spasticity, flabbiness,
disuse and misuse. Generally speaking, somatic pain is usually aggravated by
activity and relieved by rest.
· Visceral
Pain
Visceral pain is the pain we feel when our internal organs are damaged or
injured and is by far the most common form of pain. Viscera refer to the
internal areas of the body that are enclosed in a cavity. Visceral pain is
caused by the activation of pain receptors in the chest, abdomen or pelvic
areas. Visceral pain is vague and not well localized and is usually described
as pressure-like, deep squeezing, dull or diffuse. Visceral pain is caused by
problems with internal organs, such as the stomach, kidney, gallbladder,
urinary bladder, and intestines. These problems include distension,
perforation, inflammation, and impaction or constipation, which can cause
associated symptoms, such as nausea, fever, malaise, and pain. Visceral pain is
also caused by problems with abdominal muscles and the abdominal wall, such as
spasm.
· Neuropathic
Pain
Neuropathic pain is caused by injury or malfunction to the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Neuropathic pain is typically a burning, tingling, shooting, stinging, or "pins and needles" sensation. Some people also complain of a stabbing, piercing, cutting, and drilling pain. This type of pain usually occurs within days, weeks, or months of the injury and tends to occur in waves of frequency and intensity. Neuropathic pain is diffuse
and occurs at the level or below the level of injury, most often in the legs, back, feet, thighs, and toes, although it can also occur in the buttocks, hips, upper back, arms, fingers, abdomen, and neck. Homoeopathic approach towards pain: Our
modern medicine studies the pain under certain types & use pain as a common
symptom of any disease condition. But in homoeopathy exact character of pain is
crucial for selection of remedy. The estimate to be put upon the patient’s own
description of his sensations f the related to pain. This is a very vital point
and in order not to be misled it is always well to ascertain whether any of the
following sensations are present:
Burning,
Cramping, Cutting, Bursting, Soreness, Throbbing.
There
may be many others, but the presence of any one of these often overshadows
them, especially such as may be due to the play of the imagination; which
feature is in itself of more importance than the particular thing imagined.
Benumbing.
Biting.
Boring.
Broken.
Bruised.
Burning.
Constricting.
Cutting.
Digging.
Drawing.
Jerking.
Pinching.
Pressing.
Radiating.
Stitching.
Tearing.
Twinging.
Twisting.
Undulating.
Ulcerating.
Wandering.
Scrapped, as if
Cramping.
Gnawing.
Gripping.
Aching.
Lancinating.
Arthritic (Rheumatic)
Hammering.
Maddening.
Masticating.
Pulsating.
Twitching.
Wrinking.
Spot, in.
Extending.
Jarring.
Bursting.
Darting.
Stabbing.
Tightening.
Grinding.
Lacerating.
Meaning of some uncommon type of pains.-
1) Digging - Push
or Poke sharply.
2) Dragging -
Pull along forcefully, roughly.
3) Gnawing - To
cut away.
4) Piercing
(stitching) - to make a whole through.
5) Pinching -
grip tightly and sharply between thumb and finger
6) Pricking -
Puncture with sharp point.
7) Twinging - sudden
sharp pain.
More detailed Pain
rubric from different sections of Kent’s Repertory.-(Extensively explained sub
rubrics under pain)
|
Section |
Character of pain |
Section |
Character of pain |
|
Head |
Pressing,
Tearing etc. |
Rectum |
Cutting,
burning, stitching |
|
Eye |
Aching, burning
etc. |
Bladder |
Aching,
Dragging, Burning, Stitching |
|
Ear |
Stitching,
Tearing etc. |
Urethra |
Cutting,
Smarting |
|
Face |
Drawing,
Tearing, Stitching etc. |
Female Genitalia |
Pinching,
Sharp, Bearing down, Constricting |
|
Teeth |
Drawing,
Tearing, |
Male Genitalia |
Aching,
Constricting, Stitching |
|
Throat |
Burning,
Stitching etc. |
Larynx &Trachea |
Burning,
Soreness, Stitching |
|
Stomach |
Burning,
Cutting, Cramping etc. |
Chest |
Drawing,
Pressing, Stitching |
|
Abdomen |
Cramping,
Gripping, a, Pressing, Stitching etc. |
Back |
Aching,
drawing, Sore, Stitching |
|
Extremities |
Aching,
Drawing, Shooting, Stitching, Tearing. Etc. |
||
II. Material and Methods
Study Design-
1. This study is
the open label study as we know the name & potency of the prescribed
medicine.
2. The treatment,
medicine & dosage will be based on the need of the individual patient.
3. The expected
duration of the follow up will depend on the patient’s improvement.
Clinical study-
Clinical study
conducted at OPD/IPD, Camps, Peripheral OPD of Dr. J. J. Magdum Homoeopathic
Medical College, and Postgraduate institute and research center, Jaysingpur.
Sampling
procedure-
Random sampling
will be done, patients of all age group of both sex, from different
communities, all cases were considered as per inclusive & exclusive
criteria.
Inclusive
criteria-
The cases of GI
trouble of all age group, both sexes were considered.
Exclusive
criteria-
The cases of GI
Trouble where surgery is indicated.
Potency &
Dose of drug (Posology) –
According to
individual case, its state of susceptibility, nature of disease, nature of
remedy was given. Auxiliary mode of treatment advised as per need of the case.
Follow up
criteria-
It depends on how
signs of improvement were taking place with consideration of generals and
particulars.
Criteria of assessment-
·
Recovered. - Improved
patients who show no relapse during 6 months follow up period.
· Improved. - Particular complaints of the patient are relived and also general
wellbeing.
· Not improved. - Particular complaints of the patient are as it is even after
sufficient follow ups.
III. Results and Observation
Total 60 patients were studied and treated with indicated medicines. Observations thus obtained are presented in tables and graphs. It clearly shows that commonly experienced pains in diseases of GIT are Cramping, Burning, Cutting, Drawing, Pressing, and Piercing. Out of 60 cases 41 patients shows improvement, 7 patients are not-improved, & 12recovered with homoeopathic treatment.
Type of Pain | Patients in % |
Cramping | 30 |
Cutting | 18 |
Drawing | 15 |
Burning | 20 |
Pressing | 9 |
Piercing | 8 |
Table No.1 commonly
experienced pains
|
Total cases |
Improved |
Not-improved |
Recovered |
|
60 |
41 |
7 |
12 |
IV. CONLUSION
Various types of
pains are found during case taking but the common types of pains are Cramping,
Burning, Cutting, Drawing, Pressing, and Piercing etc. The results clearly
indicate that homoeopathy has great result in treatment and management of pain
in GI troubles.
VI. REFERENCE
1. API
Textbook of Medicine 6th edition.
2. Dr.
DAS, S. (2001) A concise textbook of
surgery 4th edition Kolkata: Dr. S. Das Publishers.
3. Dr.
SCHROYENS F., Synthesis Treasure
Edition 2009.B.Jain Publisher pvt.Ltd.,N.Dehli
4. Dr.J.T.Kent,
Repertory of Homoeopathic Material Media 6th
edition, reprint edition Indian books and periodicals, N.Dehli.
5. DAVIDSON'S
Principle and Practice Of Medicine 20th
ed.
6. MACLEOD'S
Clinical Examination 11th edition
7. VAN
ZANDVOORT R., Complete Repertory 2005
8. STEPHEN
J. MCPHEE, MAXINE A. PAPADAKIS Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2010
9.
http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/typepain.html
10. RADAR Homeopathic software.
Prof. Dr. Vidyadhar R. Khanaj
Pg & Phd Guide
